That chart is a good starting point, but it doesn’t tell the whole story. It only shows the absorption spectrum for Chlorophyll A, which is a key pigment for photosynthesis in all plant species, but there is also Chlorophyll B, and there are numerous other so called accessory pigments (beta carotinoids are the most common examples), that can work in conjunction with chlorophyll in a photosystem to collect light of different wavelengths. Algae in particular show a greater diversity of accessory pigments. They have evolved use light at different depths below the water surface, where it reaches them with a different spectrum, because water itself absorbs part of it. Have a look at red algae and brown algae, for example.
So if you want to grow algae in a controlled environment, you should do some research about the particular absorption preferences of the species you’d like to grow.