• ”We’ve got subdermal universal translators.” This is the first mention of Starfleet personnel having translators implanted beneath the skin. In “Little Green Men” we saw that Ferengi had translators implanted in the ear canal, but Starfleet translators have always been part of the communicator or combadge, a function of the ship or station, or a wholly separate device.
Subcutaneous transponders have been part of the Trek lore since “Patterns of Force” though, and Archer had one implanted in “Stratagem”. Given that there’s no reason to believe that the Ekosians spoke English (at best you might expect German) it seems likely that these shared the UT functions that the other communications gear has.