The question about Cardassian weapons got me trying to remember what they used in STO. Even though it's not canon, I though it might be of interest:
the Cardassian Keldon Cruiser is well-engineered to tackle nearly any combat scenario. It comes pre-equipped with Spiral Wave Disruptor Beam Arrays. These fire a unique energy type that combines the special effects of Phasers and Disruptors, as well as having slightly higher damage and accuracy than other beam weapons.
Interesting. Cardassian starship weapons are most frequently described as phasers arrays. I can’t say for certain it’s never said in an episode that they also carry disruptors, but I do know that every time I can remember a shipboard armament on a Cardassian vessel being mentioned, it’s a phaser.
The DS9 Technical Manual says the Cardassian ships have spiral-wave disruptor arrays and a large aft disruptor cannon – presumably that’s what the pincer like structure on the back is supposed to be – but the DS9 Tech Manual is also…not up to the standard of quality established by the TNG Technical Manual.
Now I kinda want to check.
Edit: Obviously also not canon, but the Star Trek Adventures Core Rulebook lists the Galor-class as having both phasers and disruptors.