Windows machines determine whether they have Internet by pinging a Microsoft server, if there’s an issue doing that it would explain why Linux boxes on the same network don’t have this problem. As for the root cause, there’s nothing in your post that gives me an idea.
xkcd #2898: Orbital Argument ( imgs.xkcd.com )
xkcd.com/2898...
'We have no rights.' Frustrated with California wage laws, Moonstone Bistro in Redding cuts lunch service ( krcrtv.com )
Weird problem driving me crazy (Win, Domain, Network)
[Update:Solution]...
Alaska Considers Joining Colorado in Disqualifying Trump From Primary Ballot ( truthout.org )
After the recent ruling in Colorado, other states are weighing in on Trump’s eligibility to appear on election ballots.